Apparatus for the performance of blood transfusion tests



epic 2, W58 w. c. NELSON gggwfiw APPARATUS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF BLOODTRANSFUSION TESTS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 7. 1955 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY Sept 2, 1958 w. c. NELSON fi fi APPARATUS FOR THE PERFORMANCEOF BLOOD TRANSFUSION TESTS I 7 6 12:3-328 agAa's-fic aka I NVENT R.WALTER c. NLsms United States Patent APPARATUS FOR THE PERFORMANCE OFeroon TRANSFUSION TESTS Walter CQNelson, Binghamton, N. Y. ApplicationFebruary 7, 1955, Serial No; 486,600

6 Claims. (Cl. 167-845) This invention relates to improvements inapparatus for the performance of blood transfusion tests, including thestandard blood grouping tests, Rh determinations and cross matchingtests, and, While not limited thereto, is

more particularly directed to apparatus for facilitating the masstesting of the population in anticipation of anticipation of alarge-scale disaster arising in either peace or war, and for the masstesting of both donors and patients in the event of an actual disaster.

Under normal peacetime conditions, only those persons technicallyqualified by training and experience are permitted to assumeresponsibility in the'performance of blood tests in recognized hospitalsand blood banks. However, in the event of anticipated or actuallargescale disaster, the services of the civilian population willundoubtedly be required to augment qualified laboratory and hospitalpersonnel in meeting the demand for large quantities of fresh wholeblood. Such will necessitate either the training of civilians by theavailable qualified personnel in the conventional methods of performingblood transfusion tests practiced by the technicians, with consequentgreat likelihood of error due to civilian inexperience in this exactingfield and anineflicientut'ilization of the available trained personnelin supervising civilian efforts, or the devising of a substitute programor procedure which satisfies the need both of testing blood on a massscale and recording the results thereof, quickly and without thecommission of error either in the performance of the tests or in therecording of the test results.

With the above as background, a principal object of the presentinvention is the provision of apparatus for simplifying and facilitatingthe performance of standard blood grouping tests, Rh determinations andcross matching tests, or such of the enumerated tests as are desired, toa degree as to permit the rapid training of civilians in the accurateperformance of these tests, thereby to make them immediately availableto effectively aid the qualified technicians in the mass blood testingof the population in the event of anticipated or actual large-scaledisaster.

A more particular object of the invention is the provision of bloodtesting apparatus functioning as aforesaid, which is designed so as tosafeguard against and'pr'event to a great degree the inadvertentcommission of mechanical error, either in the performance of the testroutines or in the recording of the results thereof,'thus offeringassurance that no errors were made.

Yet another object of the invention is the provision of apparatus forsimplifying and facilitating the performance of blood transfusion testswhich, while designed particularly to satisfy the need of testing theblood of the population on a mass scale by technically untrainedcivilians in the event of an anticipated or actual disaster, can also beused as standard equipment by qualified technicians, if they elect touse it, as effectively "and with as good results as themethodsofperforming these tests conventionally employed by them.

2,850,430 Patented Sept. 2, 1958 A further and highly practical objectof the invention is the provision of apparatus for the performance ofblood transfusion tests as aforesaid, which is characterized by simpleconstruction, and which is moreover thor-- oughly dependable in itsoperation.

The above and other objects and features of advantage of the inventionwill be seen from the following detailed description thereof, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawing illustrating an embodiment ofapparatus of the invention giving good results in actual service,wherein:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of apparatus for the performance of bloodtransfusion tests according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a section along line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section along line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a separated perspective view illustrating one of the twoanti-A and anti-B serum bottle holders employed in blood grouping tests;

Fig. 5 is a similar view illustrating a corresponding one of the twoholders employed in making a cross matching test; and

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are views illustrating the record cards employed inperforming blood grouping tests, Rh determinations and cross-matchingtests, respectively.

Referring to the drawings, apparatus according to the inventionillustratively comprises a preferably rectangular base member or board10 which may be made of any suitable material such as wood, metal orplastic, to the upper face of which are mounted two revolving discliketurntables 12, 14 which, for convenience, will be referred tohereinafter as discs. While each disc is d signed for the completeperformance of one test, the second disc is provided in order toconserve time in blood grouping and Rh testing by absorbing the time lagbetween setting up the first test and reading the reaction. Since thediscs 12, 14 and the elements carried by or associated therewith areidentical, only one disc (that designated 12) and its associated set ofelements will be described in detail.

For purposes of accurate blood grouping testing, the invention providesthat each disc is divided into two equal halves, of which one half isreserved for testing the blood with anti-A serum and is accordinglydesignated near its periphery with the legend anti-A half, and the otherhalf is reserved for testing with anti-B serum and is accordinglydesignated adjacent its periphery with the legend anti-B half. Tofurther distinguish the aforesaid halves of each disc, the anti-A halfis preferably colored blue (to correspond to the blue color of anti-Aserum) throughout a significant area thereof designated 16, andsimilarly the anti-B half is colored yellow (to correspond to the anti-Bserum color) throughout a significant area thereof designated 18.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is proposed thateach disc be actuable to and from two distinct working positions spaced180 apart and in which one or the other half thereof is forwardlypresented, and

' that the disc be positively held in the selected working position towhich it has been actuated. For this purpose the disc is provided withtwo' knobs or finger-pieces 20a, 20b conveniently located to enable onesetting up or making the test to turn the disc 186; and the base board10 mounts a spring-leaf catch 22 whose free end carries a detent 23adapted to seat in either one of two notches 24A, 24B provided in theedge of the disc 2 at locations such as to present one or the other halfof the disc in the forward working position, which may be taken as theposition in which it faces the front edge of the base board, as it isviewed in Fig. 1.

Secured to the upper face of said'disc 12 is a tubular receptacle 260idepth and diameter asto loosely hold a specimen tube of blood to begrouped. Preferably, this tubular receptacle is disposed so as to cutthrough upright wall 23 which extends on the diameter separating the twohalves of the disc, which wall is provided with side wings 28a, 28bfunctioning further to divide and isolate one from the other half of thedisc. Illustratively, the tubular receptacle 26 is enclosed within arectangular boxlike housing 30, whose long front and rear sides 39a,30!) (Fig. 3) are spaced slightly from the adjacent periphery of saidreceptacle. To the top edges of said front and rear sides 39a, 30b areadapted to be clipped anti-A and anti-B serum bottle holders 32A, 323(Fig. 4) (or RS-DC and RC-DS tube holders as shown in Fig. The aforesaidserum bottle holders each preferably comprises a strip of metal bent toL-shape so as to provide a vertical wall 34 having height and widthcorresponding 'to that of said front and rear sides Siia, 3%.

A clip flange or jaw 33 extends downwardly from the top edge of thevertical .wall 34, and from the bottom wall 36 extends frontand end-edgeflaps ida, 49b, 49c, respectively, which are sufficiently flexible as topermit their being pressed inwardly against and conformed to a serumbottle supported on said bottom wall thereby not only to hold a serumbottle, but also to adjust the holder to different sizes and shapes ofbottle. From the above, it will be appreciated that the serum bottleholders 32A, 32B as described may be simply clipped to the front andrear walls Siia, 39b of the box-like housing 30 surrounding the tubularblood-tube receptacle 26, and that a bottle of serum placed in theholder may be firmly held by pressing the flaps 441 a, 4912, 400 againstthe sides of the bottle. To further insure against mistake in performingblood grouping tests, the anti-A serum bottle holder 32A may be coloredblue to correspond to the blue color of the anti-A serum; and,similarly, the holder 3213 may be colored yellow to correspond to thecolor of the anti-B serum. 7

To provide for the mounting of the ground glass slides conventionallyemployed in blood testing, two pairs of slide supports designated 42a,42b and 44a, 441; are secured to the upper face of the disc halves, onepair of i slide supports 42a, 42b serving the anti-A half of the discand the other pair of slide supports 44a, 44b serving the anti-B half.

Means are provided for holding a record card so that a portionthereofldesirably-its left-half portion, extends beneath each disc andin a fixed position with respect to both base and disc. lllnstratively,such means comprise a rectangular frame 46 secured against the upperface of the base member .16 in position such that it extends beneath thedisc, said frame defining a recess in which a rectangular record cardwill fit more or less exactly. The outer side of the frame may be brokenaway and a finger recess 47 formed in the upper surface of the basemember to facilitate grasping of a card held in the frame for purpose ofwithdrawal.

The disc halves are each provided with two windows or perforationsopening to the space within the frame overlapped by the disc. Of saidwindows, the correspending larger rectangular windows 50A, 5915 provideaccess to a surface of the card, principally for the purpose of makingan identifying record thereon, and are accordingly hereinafter referredto as the record windows. The other corresponding windows are preferablycircular, being designated 52A, 52B, and are referred to hereinafter asthe anti-A and anti-B windows, respectively. At this point, it will beobserved that, whereas the record windows 50A, 50B are located on likeradii from the center of the disc so as always to open to the samerelative rectangular area of a card positioned in the frame 46, theanti-A and anti-B windows 52A, 52B are positioned on different radiifrom the center of the disc, the difference between radii being suchthat the window 52A, invariably opens to the anti-A rectangle (orcircle) of the blood grouping record card to be described, and theanti-.B window 52B invariably opens to the anti-B rectangle or circle)of said card, which latter rectangle is disposed just to the right ofthe anti-A rectangle.

. The aforesaid anti-A and anti-B serum bottle holders 32A, 32B may bereplaced with holders for the so-called RS-DC and DS-RC blood tubesemployed in the crossrnatching tests. Referring to Fig. 5, one suchholder designated'54A is shown (there being a corresponding holder 54B),and such is also of clip-on construction characterizing that of theaforesaid serum bottle holders. The bolders 54A and 54B are each shownto be formed with a pair of vertically spaced shelves 55a, 551; providedwith aligned tube-receiving openings adapted to receive a pair of bloodtubes.

If desired, the upper face of the base board it? is printed apparatus asaforesaid are preferably as shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8.

Of these views, Fig. 6 illustrates the blood grouping record carddesignated 60. It will be noted that this card is printed in its upperleft portion with a large blank rectangle 61 with which either one ofthe record windows 50A or 50B always registers, thereby to enable theidentification number of a specimen tube of blood being grouped to becopied on to the card and thereafter viewed; with two smaller blankrectangles (or circles) 62A, 62B disposed side by side, with thenotation Anti- A being printed above the left rectangle 62A,.thenotation Anti-B being printed above the right rectangle 62B, and theword Group being printed to the right of said rectangles; and with itslower half portion 63 being printed in blank for the name, address andtelephone number'of a donor whose blood is being grouped. As forecastabove, the anti-A window 52A is adapted to register with said blankrectangle, 62A and the anti-B window 523 is adapted to register withsaid rectangle 628.

The Rh record card shown in Fig. 7 may be the card as described turnedso that its normally rear face is disposed frontwise. Such rear facecarries a large blank rectangle 65 positioned similarly to the rectangle61 and being thus adapted to underlie record windows 50A or 50B. 7 1

Fig. 8 illustrates a cross-matching record card designated 66 which ischaracterized by a blank rectangle 67 corresponding in ,size andposition to the rectangle 61, and by two smaller rectangles or circles68A, 68Bcorresponding in size and position to the smaller-rectangles62A, 62B, of the aforesaid record card 60, but being differentlyidentified. For example, the left small rectangle 68A is preferablyidentified by the legend RS-DC, and the right small rectangle 68B by thelegend DS-RC, which legends appear above their respective rectangles.

The manner of using the above described apparatus in performing standardblood grouping tests, Rh determinations and cross-matching tests willnow be' briefly outlined:

Blood grouping.Testing a tube of blood-(1) While a test may be startedon either the anti-A half or the anti-B half of either disc 12 or 14, byWay of example set up the test for the left hand disc 12 by placing abottle of anti-A serum in holder 32A and a bottle of anti-B i serum inholder 32B of said disc 12, and turn the disc so that its anti-A halffaces forwardly.

(2) Place a fresh grouping card 60 in the card-holding frame 46associated with the disc 12. v 1

v (3) Pick up a specimen tube of blood and copy its 5 identificationnumber on said card through the rectangle 50A.

(4) Shake tube of blood and place it in tube receptacle 26.

(5) Place clean ground glass slide on support 42a, 42b.

(6) Place drop of anti-A serum on slide and return serum bottle to itsholder 32A, if it has been picked up.

(7) Uncork blood tube and place stopper on disc.

(8) Collect blood on a clean (new) mixing stick and mix blood in theserum drop.

(9) Discard stick into a waste receptacle.

(l0) Restopper tube and return it to its receptacle 26.

(11) Swing the disc 180 to present other or anti-B half thereofforwardly.

(12) Place a second clean slide on support 4411,4411.

(13) Place drop of serum on slide from anti-B serum bottle.

(14) Repeat step 7 and then collect blood on new mixing stick and mix inserum.

(15) Discard stick.

(16) Replace blood tube in its receptacle 26.

(17) Discontinue work on disc 12 temporarily.

(18) Place fresh card in card frame 46 of disc 14.

(19) Pick up second specimen tube of blood and carry through procedureson disc 14, exactly as outlined for disc 12.

(20) Discontinue work on disc 14 temporarily.

(21) Return to disc 12, examine the slide mixture on the still forwardlydisposed anti-B half thereof, and record result as plus or minus on theaforesaid card 60 by writing through the circular anti-B window 52B insaid disc.

(22) If glass slide has been removed from its support 44a, 44b tofacilitate examination, return it to its support.

(23) Turn disc 12 through 180, examine slide on its anti-A half, recordresult on card through circular anti-A window 52A, and return slide toits support 42a, 42b.

(24) Remove card and determine blood group by comparing plus and/ orminus record on card with that on key 56.

(25) Print the blood group after the word Group on the card.

(26) Return card and blood tube to designated places therefor anddiscard glass slide from each half of disc.

(27) Return to disc 14 and finish the test thereon by followingprocedures identical with these just outlined for disc 12.

(28) Immediately start testing two new blood tubes.

Blood grozrping.Finger testing.(l) Donor should present himself with hisown pre-numbered record card which is placed in the card slot as before.

(2) No recopying of the card number is required; therefore (3) Allprocedures are identical from now on except that the blood specimen iscollected from a drop of finger-prick blood with a new tooth pick whichis discarded after each serum mixing as before.

Rh determinanion-Preliminary.This is a single test and therefore,whether blood is from tube or finger, only one half or side of one discis used for one test. A total of from 2-3 minutes must elapse betweenmixing the blood in serum and recording the reaction in mixtures whichshow no clumping (neg) and they must be kept warm throughout this periodby reheating from time to time. If definite clumping appears before thethree minutes are up, the slide is positive and ready for recordmg.

Operational pr0cedure.-Testing a tube of blood.- (1) Light a candle andplace on space of base board reserved for same.

(2) Turn a fresh grouping card over and place in card frame 46 of disc12 turned, for example, so that its 6 printed rectangle 65 underlies thedisc window A. Pick up a tube of blood.

(3) 'Record tube number on card rectangle and write Rh below it to theleft, leaving room to write "pos'itive or negative after it. (The cardsmay of course be supplied with Rh written or printed in said rectangle.)

(4) Mix blood and place in tube receptacle 26.

(5) Place slide on supports 42a, 42b and add serum v drop from a bottle'of anti-Rh serum.

(6) Collect blood'from the tube as by means of a soda straw andpermitone large drop of blood to fall into the serum drop. Discard sodastraw and replace tube.

(7) Mix'blood and serum with a clean, new mixing stick. Discard stick.

(8) Hold slide above candle jar and heat until warm (but'n'ever hot),testing the heat of the slide frequently against the back of the hand.

(9) Tilt slide back and forth a few times to distribute heat evenly andreturn it to its supports. Now register time by watch or 3 minute timer.

(10) Using the other disc 14, proceed with a second specimen inidentically the same manner.

(11) Examine each slide mixture alternately from time to timefor thepresence or absence of clumping and reheat each slide from time to timewith hand testing each time, always returning slides to their ownsupports.

(12) If clumping of cells occurs (usually at the end of 1 /2 minutes,discontinue the examination and write the word positive after Rh on thecard. (Do not use plus and minus signs, as a dash or minus sign might bemisinterpreted as negative when the test is positive.)

(13) If no delayed clumping appears at the end of 3 minutes, Write theword negative after Rh on the card.

(14) When both slides have been examined and the records completed,dispose of tubes, slides and cards, and proceed with two more bloodtubes.

For finger testing.-( 1) Blood is secured by permitting a large blooddrop to fall from the finger into the serum or by allowing two dropsfrom the finger to touch the'slide near, but not in, the serum.

(2) Otherwise all other procedures are the same as for tube-testing.

Cross-matching.Preliminary.ln the earliest days of blood transfusionwork it was quickly learned that transfusion of certain bloods wasfollowed by the patients death. This led to the recognition thatincompatible bloods were capable of agglutinating each others redcorpuscles, not only in the patients blood stream but in the test tubeas well.

In the patients veins, the clumps of red cells not only stagnate theflow of blood by blocking the small vessels, but the cells themselvesdisintegrate losing their function of carrying oxygen to the tissues. Itis rare that effective measures have been procured to prevent the deathof a person who has mistakenly received a full pint of incompatibleblood. 7

Completely compatible bloods only should be used in transfusions. Suchbloods belong to the blood group and Rh type. It cannot be assumed,however, that because two bloods have been tested and designated withthe same group and Rh notation that they are necessarily compatible. Thevast majority of them will be, but, assuming that no mistake has beenmade in performing the grouping and Rh tests, experience reveals thatrare, unusual and unclassified agglutinating factors are present in theoccasional specimen that cannot be detected by the foregoing standardtests and serums.

Again there are subgroups of Group A, Group AB, and Rh negative bloodsthat are not separately identified by the foregoing tests. Yet thesesubgroups are incompatible and must be transfused on a group specificbasis.

Before the go-ahead signal for transfusion can be safely given,therefore, the blood of the recipient must be I crucial cross-matchingmethod.

,3. tested directly againstthe blood of' the donor. This'socalledcross-matching test consists of testing the serum of the recipientsblood (RS) "against the redcorpuscles of the donors blood (DC). A secondrelated test, i. e. testing the donors serum (DS) against the recipientscells (RC) is also done as a safeguard.

If agglutination occurs in either test, the bloods do notbelong to thesame group'and are. not completely compatible. Further search for asuitable donor is indicated.

if no agglutination is seen in either test, the two bloods arecompatible and transfusion is indicated.

if one examines this test carefully, it will becomeobvious that.an'inadvertent failure to mix opposing cells and serums could resultfatally for a patient if the mistake took place during the examinationof bloods which happened to be incompatable because the go-aheadtransfusion signal would be indicated and given. :Instead of a reportshowing the tell-tale positive agglutinations of incompatibility, thecompletely negative reports of compatibility would appear, since allthat would have been accomplished would have been merely the replacingofthe recipients and donors cells in their own respective serums.

The role that the apparatus presented here can play in assisting theexaminer to perform this crucial crossmatching test correctly is asfollows:

(1) It presents him with a logical pattern of orderly procedurespreorganized in an actual, physical working field in which the tubes tobe tested are so arranged in relation to each other that a simplerearrangement automatically insures mixing opposing cells and serums.

(2) it provides for the performance of the RSDC.test in a separate fieldfrom the DSRC test.

(3) it provides for the simultaneous setup of a tube and a slidecross-matching test in each field of work Will]: out confusion of slidesand test materials belonging to the other field.

(4) it isolates the tubes concerned in the complete cross-match untilthe test set-ups arecompleted.

(5 1t compels the examiner to record on the report card the recipientsserum tube number together with the number of the tube associated withit. Duplicate numbers reveal at once to the supervisor that thecross-match has not been done. Different numbers reveal that the tubeswere consciously and correctly aligned and that inadvertent failure tomix the opposing serums has not taken place.

The method of performing the test is now given in detail. The proceduredescribed herepresupposes that serum and cells from both recipient anddonor have been properly procured and are now ready for testing by theOperaiional pr0cedure.Tube or slide method or both-The special holders54A, 54B (Fig. 5) replace the anti-A and antidiserium holders 32A, 32Bemployed in the grouping tests, and such special holders eachaccommodate two RS and DC sized tubes side by side. One such holder islabeled RSDC and the other DSRC and they are clipped in place to theblue and yellow colored halves of a disc, i. e. the disc 12.

(1) The recipients serum tube (RS) is first placed with the recipientscells tube (RC) in the RS-RC support (blue half of the disc).

(2) The donors serum tube (DS) is then placed with.

the donors cells tube (DC) on the other or DSRC support on the otherhalf of the disc. (Both sets of tubes have been secured from differentpeople of the same N (4) The examiner new records tube numbers, inthenegative.

8 rectangular space 67 of a card 66 (Fig. 8). For example, he writesRS-843 and below same DC-228i as indicated, the two difierent numbersgiving assurance that the cells have been crossed.

(5) The examiner now labels a clean tube'and a clean slide with thecorresponding notation:

' RS-843 DC-228 the slide is placed on the slide support on the bluehalf of the disc and the tube is held in the examiners hand.

7 (6) By means of a glass pipette hetransfers 3 drops of RS-843 to bothclean tube and clean slide and then replaces pipette in RS-843.

' (7) By means of a second pipette he adds 3 drops of DC228 to both tubeand slide and replaces pipette in and mixtures are made as before.

(12) This tube is placed behind the first in the special I rack and theslide is placed beside the other on the special tray.

(13) The tubes are centrifuged to facilitate agglutination and theslides remain for /21 hour. 7

, (14) The aforesaid RS843DC-228 tube and slide are returned to theirblue side of the disc. Then the disc is reversed and the DS228-RC843tube and slide placed in position on their yellow side.

(15) The previously labeled card is inserted in card frame 46.

(l6) Tube results are recorded through the circular windows 50A and 50Bonto the RS-DC and DS-RC spaces on the card, meaning positive, meaning(17) Slide results are recorded also in the same places. The resultswill appear as follows:

(meaning Compatible); or it (meaning Incompatible) Nora-If the tube isnegative and the slide positive on the same side, the resultwould'appear All'these markings indicate that four tests have beenexamined and recorded.

(18) The card is written Compatible or Incompatiblej and it will beunderstood that all incompatibilities require investigation. 7

(19) When the cards are withdrawn to permit writing Compatible orIncompatible, a final step is introduced, as follows: Each tube andslide are rechecked for proper number, and if correct, RS-843-DC-2 28and DS228RS-843 would appear beneath the recording spaces on the card.A'discrepancy in numbers on-the recheck would require investigation bythe examiner.

By an assembly line set-up in which a volunteer helper does oneparticular job over and over, the whole job could be accomplished underthe supervision of one technician, with the apparatus taking care of thecrucial crossmatchpartr Without further analysis, it will be appreciatedthat the advantages and protective features of the above describedapparatus are numerous. For example, it effects isolation of a bloodspecimen tube within a specific field of testing, and thus protectsagainst confusion of said tube with other tubes, while at the same timepermitting simultane-' ting up of test and reading the reaction to aminimum.

Another notable advantage of apparatus of the invention is that itaccurately relates the record card with the specimen tested, therebyoffering assurance that no mixing of record cards has taken place andthat no mistake has occurred in recording the reaction of the testedspecimen on the record card for that specimen.

By separating the fields of operative procedure, i. e. by providing oneach disc two separate fields of operation, each of which is equippedwith the materials and accesseries to completely perform the Work oftesting and recording within its own field of operation, apparatus ofthe invention also protects against improper substitution of serum, andagainst disturbance of the relationship of two serums which may be fixedinitially by a supervisor or other skilled technician. It also protectsagainst the use of the same mixing stick with two serums or serummixtures, because of the fact that only one serum (mixture) is availableat any one time. The aforesaid separation of the fields of procedure isalso of great advantage in insuring against confusion of test resultsarising from simultaneous reading of two results, because only oneresult is available at the time of recording. Moreover, since theapparatus provides for recording a test result in a specific placeprovided therefor on a record card, the possibility of inaccuratelyrecording test results is effectively minimized if not preventedaltogether.

As many changes could be made in carrying out the above constructionswithout departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended thatall matter contained in the above description or shown in theaccompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense.

I claim:

1. In blood testing and test recording apparatus including a boardmember providing a working surface, a turntable mounted on said boardmember for rotation in a plane parallel and closely adjacent to saidworking surface, means on said turntable for supporting a specimenand/ortesting fluid container in upright position and generally centrallythereof, and means for mounting a pair of glass slides in horizontaldisposition on opposite portions of the turntable, the improvementcomprising means dividing the upper surface of the turntable in half,each half representing a separate test field to which said container isindividually accessible and having an aforesaid glass slide mountingmeans therewithin, means for detachably securing the turntable in one orthe other of two opposite positions in which a clearly defined testfield is presented to the person making the test and record, means forlocating a record card having a plurality of spaced recording areasthereon on said board member and in a position thereon such that itssaid recording areas extend beneath the turntable and are spaceddifierently from the center thereof, each half of the turntable havingat least one window, said windows being on diflerent radii from thecenter of the turntable and said radii corresponding to the distances ofthe spaced recording areas of a record card positioned by saidpositioning means from said center, said windows being further locatedcircumferentially of the turntable that when the latter is turned to oneof its opposite positions a window of one turntable half registers withone said recording area and when turned to its other opposite positionthe corresponding window of the other turntable half registers withanother said recording area.

2. The improvement in blood testing and test recording apparatussubstantially as set forth in claim 1, wherein the turntable halves arecolored and marked difierently from one another.

3. The improvement in blood testing and test recording apparatussubstantially as set forth in claim 1, wherein the turntable halves areeach also provided with an additional window, said last-named windowsbeing on equal radii from the turntable center and circumferentiallylocated to register with the same one of the plurality of spacedrecording areas of the card in each of the opposite positions of theturntable.

4. The improvement in blood testing and test recording apparatus as setforth in claim 3, wherein said first-named and said additional windowsare difierently shaped so as to be readily distinguishable one from theother.

5. In blood testing and test recording apparatus including a generallyrectangular board member providing a working surface, a turntablemounted on said board member for rotation in a plane parallel andclosely adjacent to said working surface, means on said turntable forsupporting a specimen and/ or testing-fluid container in position as tobe accessible from and related to a predetermined area of the turntable,and means mounting a glass slide in horizontal disposition on saidpredetermined area, the improvement comprising means for detachablysecuring the turntable in an angular position in which saidpredetermined area is presented to the person making the test andrecord, means for locating a record card having at least two spaced anddifferently shaped recording areas thereon on said board member and in aposition thereon such that its said recording areas extend beneath theturntable and are spaced diflerently from the center thereof, saidturntable being provided in its said predetermined area with a pluralityof windows corresponding in number, size and shape to the said recordingareas, said windows being on different radii from the center of theturntable and said radii corresponding to the different distances ofsaid recording areas of a record card positioned as aforesaid by saidcard positioning means from the center of the turntable and beingfurther located circumferentially to register with said record areaswhen the turntable is secured in its angular position aforesaid.

6. The improvement in blood testing and test recording apparatussubstantially as set forth in claim 5, Wherein the container suportingmeans comprise fixed and detachable container holders of which the fixedholder detachably mounts the detachable holder.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS102,398 Hibbs Apr. 26, 1870 2,041,290 Jackson May 19, 1936 2,468,000Taylor Apr. 19, 1949 2,599,802 Yzetta June 10, 1952 2,669,362 Joy Feb.16, 1954 2,739,759 Davidson Mar. 27, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 4,178 GreatBritain of 1887

1. IN BLOOD TESTING AND TEST RECORDING APPARATUS INCLUDING A BOARDMEMBER PROVIDING A WORKING SURFACE, A TURNTABLE MOUNTED ON SAID BOARDMEMBER FOR ROTATION IN A PLANE PARALLEL AND CLOSELY ADJACENT TO SAIDWORKING SURFACE, MEANS ON SAID TURNTABLE FOR SUPPORTING A SPECIMENAND/ORTESTING FLUID CONTAINER IN UPRIGHT POSITION AND GENERALLY CENTRALLYTHEREOF, AND MEANS FOR MOUNTING A PAIR OF GLASS SLIDES IN HORIZONTALDISPOSITION ON OPPOSITE PORTIONS OF THE TURNTABLE, THE IMPROVEMENTCOMPRISING MEANS DIVIDING THE UPPER SURFACE OF THE TURNTABLE IN HALF,EACH HALF REPRESENTING A SEPARATE TEST FIELD TO WHICH SAID CONTAINER ISINDIVIDUALLY ACCESSIBLE AND HAVING AN AFORESAID GLASS SLIDE MOUNTINGMEANS THEREWITHIN, MEANS FOR DETACHABLY SECURING THE TURNTABLE IN ONE ORTHE OTHER OF TWO OPPOSITE POSITIONS IN WHICH A CLEARLY DEFINED TESTFIELD IS PRESENTED TO THE PERSON MAKING THE TEST AND RECORD, MEANS FORLOCATING A RECORD CARD HAVING A PLURALITY OF SPACED RECORDING AREASTHEREON ON SAID BOARD MEMBER AND IN A POSITION THEREON SUCH THAT ITSSAID RECORDING AREAS EXTEND BENEATH THE TURNTABLE AND ARE SPACEDDIFFERENTLY FROM THE CENTER THEREOF, EACH HALF OF THE TURNTABLE HAVINGAT LEAST ONE WINDOW, SAID WINDOWS BEING ON DIFFERENT RADII FROM THECENTER OF THE TURNTABLE AND SAID RADII CORRESPONDING TO THE DISTANCES OFTHE SPACED RECORDING AREAS OF A RECORD CARD POSITIONED BY SAIDPOSITIONING MEANS FROM SAID CENTER, SAID WINDOWS BEING FURTHER LOCATEDCIRCUMFERENTIALLY OF THE TURNTABLE THAT WHEN THE LATTER IS TURNED TO ONEOF ITS OPPOSITE POSITIONS A WINDOW OF ONE TURNTABLE HALF REGISTERS WITHONE SAID RECORDING AREA AND WHEN TURNED TO ITS OTHER OPPOSITE POSITIONTHE CORRESPONDING WINDOW OF THE OTHER TURNTABLE HALF REGISTERS WITHANOTHER SAID RECORDING AREA.